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Bhattacharya, P., Bandyopadhyay, K.K., Krishnan, P., Maity, P.P., Purakayastha, T.J., Bhatia, A., Chakrabarti, B. & Adak, S. 2023. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 93 (11) 1191-1196. 
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Chandra, P., Khippal, A.K., Prajapat, K., Barman, A., Singh, G., Rai, A.K., Ahlawat, O.P., Verma, R.P.S., Kumari, K. & Singh, G. 2023. Frontiers in Microbiology. 14. Article 1130397.
Cornell Conservation Agriculture Group (soilhealth.org)'s insight:
This paper used 9 treatments of tillage and residue management practices in fixed plots for 5 years on crop productivity and soil biological parameters in a rice-barley cropping system. Results show that shifting from puddled transplanted rice to direct seeded rice resulted in a yield penalty, but did not mention the issue of weed competition. The NT barley (NTB) with residues yielded better than just NTB. The best system productivity was with non-puddled TP rice and NTB (UPTR-NTB+R) with residues. Biological parameters were were significantly affected by different management practices. The same system also provided better soil health.
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Adak, S., Bandyopadhyay, K., Purakayastha, T.J., Sen, S., Sahoo, R.N., Shrivastava, M. & Krishnan, P. 2023. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 7 Article 1230207
Cornell Conservation Agriculture Group (soilhealth.org)'s insight:
This paper from India and the NW IndoGangetic Plains assesses the system productivity and soil quality in a CA-based maize-wheat rotation as an alternative to rice-wheat. They compared no-till (NT) with conventional (CT); residue mulch (M+) versus no residue (M0); three N levels, 50 (N1), 100 (N2), and 150 (N3). The soil was sampled from 3 depths down to 30cm. Various soil properties were measured. Available P and K was higher in the M+ plots as expected. NTM+ increased soil microbial biomass C. The highest soil quality index was the NTM+ N3 treatment and the lowest CTM0, N1. Adding maize in rotation with rice improves soil quality.
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The paper evaluates various methods of tillage, residue management and nitrogen application on wheat yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency NUE). Tillage consisted of CT and NT, with (R+) and without (R0) maize residue, and 3 N levels, 60,120 and 180 kgN/ha.Tillage and residue management influenced the grain and biomass yield of wheat. Over the two years, NT exhibited a 7% higher WUE compared to CT, but the change was insignificant. However, in years with lower rainfall, crop residue mulching had a significant positive impact on WUE, while in years with higher rainfall its effect on WUE was insignificant.